定语从句归纳及用法新版多篇

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1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言，可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，表示对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开，是对先行词进行补充说明，相当于并列句。

如：He is the man who has a strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人。（限定性定语从句）

My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。（非限定性定语从句）

注：

1) 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导，一般用which，as或who（指人）。用which或as引导时，既可以修饰主句的部分内容，也可修饰主句的全部内容。如：

He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. （which指代整个主句，在从句中作主语）

2) as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前。如：As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth.The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people‘s life greatly.

3) 在限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；但在 非限定性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时不能省略。如：

The film （which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去）

She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. （whom不能省去）

2、只用关系代词that，不用 which，who或whom的几种情况

1)当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时。如：All that you want are here.

2) 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时。如：There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes.

3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.

4)当出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时。如： We are talking about the people and countries that we have

visited.

5) 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the person that is standing over there?

6) 当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只用that，

但经常可以省略。如： I know the difference (that) there is between you.

7)当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用that。如：He does not seem to be the man that he was

他似乎和过去不一样了。

3、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句

as 引导定语从句时，可指人也可指物，通常与the same，such，so等连用，形式为：the same… as，such… as，as …as，so… as。As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。如：

She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样。（as代替事，作宾语）

I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书。（as代替物，作主语）

注：the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同。as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”，指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的`事物是“同一个”，指同一事物。如：

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样。（类似的笔）

This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支。（同一支笔）

4、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

在“介词+which/whom”结构中，介词的选择取决于3种情况：

1)定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配。如： This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking.

2)先行词与介词的习惯搭配。如： The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter.

仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度。

3)当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词。如： I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK.

注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前，如put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配，此时需要根据上下文来确定。如：be familiar with/to，compare with/to等。

有时为表意清楚，还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等。如：

China is the b ……此处隐藏740个字……ce where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2)that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。

典型例题

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1)who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语， 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）， 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package （which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

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